Novell CLP 筆記

這篇筆記是小弟在準備 NCLP 時所記下的筆記，希望對有意參加 NCLP 的網友們能有些許幫助。筆記的編寫完全是由 Novell 官方的 Exam Objectives 順序所寫，最近的考試項目請到 http://www.novell.com/training/certinfo/clp/exam_obj.html 參考。

當然，這些只是小弟的筆記，所以有些細節的部份或是小弟認為本來就應該要知道的事項就不再著墨，若要了解更深入的原理的話，就煩請各位辛苦一點到 Google 詢找啦 :)

最近考試項目：http://www.novell.com/training/certinfo/clp/exam_obj.html
Perform an installation of SLES 9 (from CD) that includes the following steps:

Pre-installation considerations

Selecting Installation options
Selecting software components
Configuring hardware components and devices (including partitioning)
Adding passwords and users
Simple installation troubleshooting

Navigate in the KDE and GNOME desktop environments by doing the following:

Locate and use Help resources in the Linux system such as the following:

Perform the following file management tasks in the SLES 9 system:

Select an appropriate Linux file system
Configure Linux file system partitions (from the command line and from YaST)
Configure a Linux file system with Logical Volume Management (LVM) from YaST
Mount and unmount a file system
Change directories and list directory contents
Create and view files
Find files and search file content
Manage file permissions and ownership
Set up and configure disk quotas
Monitor and check a file system (using df, du, lsof, fuser, fsck, e2fsck, and reiserfsck)
Create a boot, rescue, or module disk

Do the following from the Linux shell and command line:

Log in as root and switch user accounts.
Access the command line interface from the Desktop and from virtual servers (such as Ctrl+Alt+F1)
Use command syntax and special characters
Use piping and redirection
Manage user accounts
Use the basic Linux mail command

Use Linux text editors:

Use the vi command Line editor to edit files
Use a desktop editor (such as Kate) to edit files

Locate, view, and use the following types and sources of SUSE LINUX system information:

Boot log information (/var/log/boot.msg)
Hardware information (using /proc/, hwinfo, hdparm, fdisk, iostat, lspci, and siga)
Hardware driver information (hwinfo)
System and process information (using top, uptime, ps. netstat, uname, KDE System Guard, and Xosview)
Configure the syslog daemon (syslog.conf) to schedule logged events
View log files with YaST
Archive log files with logrotate

Administer processes by doing the following:

View processes from the GUI and the command line interface (using top, ps, and KDE System Guard)
Manage foreground and background processes from the command line (using bg, &, fg, ps, pstree, nice, renice, and top)
Stop processes from the command line (using kill and killall)
Manage processes with KDE System Guard

Manage runlevels by doing the following:

Schedule jobs by doing the following:

Manage the kernel by doing the following:

Locate and understand the purpose of files and directories related to the kernel (such as /boot/initrd)
Manage modules from the command line (using lsmod, insmod, rmmod, modprobe, depmod, modinfo, and kmod)
Modify kernel parameters with Powertweak

Manage the GRUB boot loader by doing the following:

Start the GRUB shell
Modify the GRUB configuration file (using /boot/grub/menu.lst)
Configure GRUB with YaST

Manage system and hardware settings by doing the following:

View and change system settings (using /proc/sys/)
Configure /etc/sysconfig/ files with YaST
Use SuSEPlugger to view parameters and access YaST modules
Modify hardware parameters with Powertweak
Monitor hard drive space (using df, du, Info Center, and Kdiskfree)

Manage the network configuration by doing the following:

Configure a network card with YaST (both static IP address and DHCP)
Configure a network card from the command line (using ifconfig and ip)
Perform network connection management tasks from the command line (using ping, netstat, netcat, traceroute, iroute, ifup, and ifdown)
Configure host and domain names manually (with /etc/HOSTNAME and /etc/resolv.conf)
Configure a network connection manually (using files in /etc/sysconfig/network)
Manage the routing table from the command line (using route and ip)
Save routing settings to a configuration file (/etc/sysconfig/network/routes)
Configure routing from YaST
Assign IP addresses from the command line (using add, del, and show)
Analyze network traffic (using tcpdump and ethereal)

Manage user and group accounts by doing the following:

Create, modify, and delete users and groups from YaST
Create and delete users and groups from the command line
Set defaults for new user accounts from YaST
Configure user authentication with PAM
Monitor login activity (using who, w, finger, last, lastlog, and faillog)

Manage and configure network printers by doing the following:

Configure and modify a SLES 9 network printer with YaST and from the command line (using lpoptions and lpadmin)
Modify printer settings using kprinter
Manage CUPS printing from the command line using Berkely and System V commands (such as lp, lpr, lpq, lpstat, lprm, and cancel)
Manage printing from the command line with SLES 9 printer commands (such as enable, disable, accept, and reject)
Access the CUPS web administration tools

Manage and configure network file systems by doing the following:

Configure an NFS (Network File System) server and client with YaST
Configure an NFS server manually
Configure and mount NFS directories
Monitor the NFS system from the command line (using rpcinfo and showmount)
Configure a Samba server and client with YaST
Monitor and test Samba from the command line (using testparm, nmblookup, smbclient, smbstatus, and rcsmb)

Manage resources on the network by doing the following:

Configure an NIS (Network Information Service) master server, slave server, client, and users with YaST
Configure Maps manually (using ypdomainname and make)
Manage NIS from the command line (using ypdomainname, ypwhich, ypcat, ypmatch, yppasswd, and yppoll)

Manage software packages by doing the following:

Install and manage RPM software packages from the command line with the rpm command
Install RPM software packages from YaST
Compile software from source (using make and make install)
Verify and update software library access (using ldd, /etc/ld.so.conf, and /etc/ld.so.cache)
Update your SLES 9 installation from a YaST Online Update (YOU) server

Enable Internet services by doing the following:

Synchronize time with netdate and hwclock
Synchronize time with NTP (using ntpdate, ntp.conf, ntptrace, and YaST)
Configure an HTTP Apache Web server with YaST
Configure an Apache Web server from the configuration files (such as httpd.conf and default-server.conf)
Manage the Apache Web server from the command line (using apache2 and apache2ctl)
Configure a virtual Host for the Apache Web server
Limit access to the Apache Web server (using allow, deny, and htpasswd2)
Configure an SSL encryption with an Apache Web server (using RSA key pairs and configuration files)
Configure the Extended Internet Daemon (xinetd) from YaST and the command line (using xinetd and xinetd.conf)
Configure the TCP wrapper
Install, configure, and run PureFTPd server

Configure and use a DNS server by doing the following:

Install and configure the BIND server software (bind and bind-utils packages)
Configure a caching-only DNS server
Configure a master server and one or more slave servers for your domain
Configure a client computer with YaST to use the DNS server
Query the DNS server from the command line (using host and dig)

Deploy and use OpenLDAP on a SLES 9 server by doing the following:

Install and set up an OpenLDAP server (using the slapd.conf and ldap.conf files)
Add entries to the LDAP server by creating and using an LDIF file (and the commands recode and ldapadd)
Query information from the LDAP server at the command line (using ldapsearch)
Delete and modify entries of the LDAP server at the command line (using ldapmodify and ldapdelete)
Use the GQ graphical applications to access data in the LDAP server

Manage backup and recovery on a SLES 9 server by doing the following:

Archive, compress, and uncompress files (using tar, gzip, bzip2, and zcat)
Work with magnetic tapes with the mt command
Copy data with the dd command
Mirror directories with the rsync command
Automate data backups with the cron service
Boot a corrupted system directly into a shell
Boot a corrupted system with the Installation media
Start and use the SLES 9 rescue system

Create basic shell scripts by doing the following:

Use basic script elements (such as variables, command substitutions, and arithmetic operations)
Use variable substitution operators (such as ${variable-value}, ${variable=value}, and ${variable+value})
Use control structures (such as if and until commands, case statements, and loop processing)
Use advanced scripting techniques (such as shell functions and getopts)

Manage remote access by doing the following:

Configure an OpenSSH server and client (by editing sshd_config and ssh_config files)
Use SSH client commands (such as scp, ssh, ssh-add, ssh-agent, ssh-keygen, and ssh-keyscan)
Enable Remote Administration with YaST
Configure and access an Installation Server with YaST

Secure a SLES 9 server by doing the following:

Secure the BIOS with a password
Secure the GRUB boot loader with a password
Configure directory ACLs from the command line (using getfacl and setfacl)
Configure Security Settings with YaST

Find performance bottlenecks by doing the following:

Analyze processes and processor utilization (using top, uptime, mpstat, and KDE System Guard)
Analyze memory utilization and performance (using free, vmstat, and KDE System Guard)
Analyze storage performance (using vmstat and iostat)
Analyze network utilization and performance (using KDE System Guard, Traffic-vis, and ip)

In addition, the following topics are covered in SUSE LINUX Advanced Administration (Course 3038) and might be referred to in the exam:

How device drivers work
The sysfs file system
How the SLES 9 hotplug system works
Adding new hardware to a SLES 9 system

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